12. autotool GNU

12.1. GNU软件标准Makefile 目标

make all
编译程序，库，文档等。 和make表现一样
make install
安装需要被安装的程序
make install-strip
和make install 一样，但是要strip debugging symbol
make uninstall
和make install 相反的目的
make clean
和make all相反的目的，删除编译好的目标
make distclean
同事删除./configure产生的文件
make check
如果有测试套件，执行测试套件
make installcheck
检查已经安装的程序和库
make dist
生成 name-version.tag.gz

12.2. GNU软件项目标准文件组织

Directory variable Default value
prefix                  /usr/local
        exec-prefix     prefix
            bindir      exec-prefix/bin
            libdir      exec-prefix/lib
...
        includedir      prefix/include
        datarootdir     prefix/share
            datadir     datarootdir
            mandir      datarootdir/man
            infodir     datarootdir/info

在configure的时候指定prefix

./configure --prefix ~/usr

configure中定义的变量：

CC          C compiler command
CFLAGS      C compiler flags
CXX         C++ compiler command
CXXFLAGS    C++ compiler flags
LDFLAGS     linker flags
CPPFLAGS    C/C++ preprocessor flags
... See ‘./configure --help’ for a full list

./configure --prefix ~/usr CC=gcc-3 CPPFLAGS=-I$HOME/usr/include LDFLAGS=-L$HOME/usr/lib

创建build目录的目的是，中间过程生成的目标文件保存在build当中。

如果主机上已经有同名的目标文件

--program-prefix=PREFIX     设置前缀名
--program-suffix=SUFFIX     设置后缀名
‘--program-transform-name=PROGRAM’  run ‘sed PROGRAM’ on installed program names.
~/amhello-1.0 % ./configure --program-prefix test-
~/amhello-1.0 % make
~/amhello-1.0 % sudo make install

yum install -y automake autoconf

12.3. GNU Autoconf

‘autoconf’ Create configure from configure.ac.
‘autoheader’ Create config.h.in from configure.ac.
‘autoreconf’ Run all tools in the right order.
‘autoscan’ Scan sources for common portability problems,and related macros missing from configure.ac.
‘autoupdate’ Update obsolete macros in configure.ac.
‘ifnames’ Gather identifiers from all #if/#ifdef/... directives.
‘autom4te’ The heart of Autoconf. It drives M4 and implements the features used by most of the above tools.
            Useful for creating more than just configure files

12.4. GNU Automake

‘automake’ Create Makefile.ins from Makefile.ams and configure.ac.
‘aclocal’ Scan configure.ac for uses of third-party macros, and gather definitions in aclocal.m4.

12.5. configure.ac

# Prelude.
AC_INIT([amhello], [1.0], [bug-report@address])
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([foreign -Wall -Werror])
# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC
# Checks for libraries.
# Checks for header files.
# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
# Checks for library functions.
# Output files.
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
AC_CONFIG_FILES([FILES])
AC_OUTPUT